ASSESSING THE ATTITUDE OF PARENTS TOWARDS WOMEN EDUCATION IN KEBBI STATE (A CASE STUDY OF BIRNIN KEBBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL
CONTENT TABLER
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 Aims Objectives of the study
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Scope and limitation of the study
1.5 Hypothesis
1.6 Scheme of the chapter
1.7 Definition and some major terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.3 Sample of Data Collections
3.4 Method of Data Collections
3.5 Methods of Data Analysis
3.6 Hypothesis Testing Method
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Summary of Findings
5.0 Summary
4.2 Testing of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
Table of content
Introduction
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 Aims Objectives of the study
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Scope and limitation of the study
1.5 Hypothesis
1.6 Scheme of the chapter
1.7 Definition and some major terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.3 Sample of Data Collections
3.4 Method of Data Collections
3.5 Methods of Data Analysis
3.6 Hypothesis Testing Method
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Summary of Findings
4.2 Testing of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
THE EFFECT OF NOMADIC EDUCATION ON THE FULBE TRIBE A CASE STUDYCHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A the quotation from the world book of encyclopedias suggest one of the aims of education vis-Ã -vis schooling is to train children for day to day living which includes enabling them to care for the needs of the family as well as the nation. While not minimizing the importance of training for day to day living the holy Qurian shown that this is nether the only nor-principal goal education.
A successful education should also foster in children the joy and happiness of living and help them to make their place in the society as a well balanced individuals.
Our progress as a nation can be no swifter then our progress in education (John Kennedy) has stated above education is a work while legacy a nation and parents should bequeath to their children in order to have independent. Intelligent and wise leaders tomorrow the belief in this mixing by parent informs their toiling day and night to ensure their children get that best education in know that education plays a vital life time all over the world therefore this brings us to know that education plays a vital role in watching new leaders for above aims of education among male and female children in the society. In view of the above aims of education among many others it is therefore appalling and a thing of great sadness to known that women education is giving a lackadaisical attitude by parent in Birnin Kebbi. This project therefore is to find out the reasons why the cold attitude to women education by parents in Birnin Kebbi and possibly prefer lasting solution to the problem in the state.
Borno State University Admissions Process, School Fees and Courses List
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Today one finds women in profession in there to regard as exclusive preserves of in men. In law medicine engineering management even social crusade name rule women's are not left out entirely quest for a new rule become pronounced after Nigerian's independence policies upon policies had been made to better the effects of women's struggle for a role become felt by effects of women's struggle for a role become felt by most members of society.
Between 1960's to 1980's, a lot was achieved in terms of carving a new role for Nigerian women infact some could be said about women infact some could be said about women in most African countries it was a wind of total change from being however of firewood and drawers of water to becoming issues recognized actively by the society as the main stay of development.
In the fact of the above, it is noted that education plays a signifunat role in watching new leaders fire the society.
A free and universal education for both man and women in the society, among the many aims and objectives of education, It is therefore disinheriting to know that parents in Birnin Kebbi look at women education with negatively. There is a show of I don't care attitude to women education in Birnin Kebbi and Kebbi State in general.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The need for this study stems from the fact that education plays an important role in the development of social economically political religions life of humanity especially the women who is the bested with the responsibility of bring the bus bands should and think that of the home whose absence automatically brings about the total collapse of the entire for the foundation of the home.
As a mother she is responsible for the charting the further of the children. As a home making it is here shoulder the task of managing limited resources falls on. The duties of the women are so many which are the related to education that the derail of education to the women is an automate failure on the part of such society.
It is therefore in view of encouraging parent to send the women to school that I have decided to undertake this research.
First and foremost to know the reason where parent in the Birnin Kebbi from at sending their women to school and lastly to show reason why women education is very important and encourage parent to send or give the women education.
1.4 SIGNIFICATION OF THE STUDY
This write of will be immense benefit to parent generally who comes across it to appreciably women education.
It will enable parent who have a view about education for women to have though and their negatively about women education positively.
Also the project will go along way of assisting education student both university and college of education of their research and ensure reading.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Owing to limited time resources uncompromising response physical and financial capacity and national board for technical education (NBTE) retirement this write up will be strictly restricted to Birnin Kebbi local government in Kebbi State.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
1. Parents have negative attitude to words women education in Kebbi State.
2. Kebbi State government gives free and universal education for women in Kebbi State.
3. Education plays significance role fore a women in Kebbi State.
4. Education women play a significance roles in Kebbi State.
5. Women participate in all flied of education in Kebbi State.
1.7 SCHEME OF CHAPTER
This research work contain introduction statement of the problem. Aims and objectives of the study significance of the study. Hypothesis, scope and limitation of the study as well as definition and some major terms.
Chapter two literature review, chapter three is research methodology research design sample and sampling techniques sample of data collection.
Method of data analysis as well as hypothesis testing method.
Chapter four is data presentation and analysis, summary of finding as well as testing of hypothesis.
The list chapter fire if summary conclusion, Recommendation and bibliography.
DEFINITION AND SOME MAJOR TERMS
1. Attitude:- The opinions and feeding that you usually have about something the attitude to words women really scare me.
2. Parent:- The father or mother of a person or animal I don't really geton with my boyfriend parent substitute such as aunt see picture of family.
3. Education:- Singular the process by which your mind development through learning at a school college or university. They had worked hard to give their son a good education adult education classes. The knowledge an skills that you gain from being taught a college education.
4. Women:- The women who are involved in the aim of improving the social economics and political position of women and of ending sexual discrimination.
5. Society:- The concerning human society and its organizes or the quality of peoples lives various social issues such unemployment and education were discussed.
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
This project intends to work into various literature from the library researching on the parent attitude to the women education and women education generally. In this chapter intends to bring out what others have said about the topic throughout book, journal and magazine.
Therefore the literature review we shall see importance of education of women.
The Third (3rd) natural development plan declared that consideration of justice and equity demands equalization of education opportunity enable any Nigeria child to have comparative opportunities for self development and fulfillment, irrespective of social circumstances into which he or she has been burn (FGN 1975) the natural policy on education on its part in keeping with the national objectives on educations its stipulates that basic education its stipulates that basic education most be provide whenever there are people and whenever there are (FGN 1977) these are other official consideration lead access to basic education which necessitated the introduction of UPE scheme in 1976 I need there are ample evidence to suggest that modern school structure have been reasonable and established in the most part of the Kebbi State.
However despite very extensive network or school established the state over the last few year of the creation of the state the goal of universal primary education which stresses 100% enrolment rate remains elusive in birnin Kebbi.
A statistical figures published by the federal ministry of education has revealed that only 27.5% of primary school age population (6 – 11 years) of Kebbi (inducing Sokoto Zamfara State) were enrolled in primary school. This shows that a little more than a quarter of school age population called go to school.
However the official statistics is copiously silent about the gender composition of the embracing low school enrollment figure the truth of the matter is that less than one third of the pupils attending primary school in the state are girls. The gap even get wider and wider as children more along education\leaders as few girls than boys reach secondary school. The figure for girls becomes even lower at the tertiary educational level, as very few parents for husband will allow their daughter/wives to divide the lives between home and school life.
There is hardly anything in Islam, the dominant religion in this state to justice the (want on) neglect of women education. From the Islamic point of view according to "the part" newspaper of June 1, 1991 all prophetic tradition stipulates that the search for the knowledge is compulsory upon every "Muslim male and female Allah (SWT) has declared in the holy Qur'an" that I have only created join and man that they may worship me (51:56) worship here is not rickrack to the physical performance of religious vactual alone but it embarks all aspect of human activities fact though feedings and work which are in conformity with the Qur'an and Sunnah then if men and women are spiritually and mentally equipped for all these has will they be able to perform their obligation to Allah to themselves and to humanly? Many verses of the holy Qur'an are showing the importance of knowledge in fact Islamic considered education as the base on whole that most be growth of the human development and key to culture and civilization in Islam knowledge is considered pursued by the behaviors and no distraction is made between religious and secular knowledge. This is so because in the holy Qura'n the believers are encouraged to problem to the environment conquer and utilize it.
The believer in this context and as used in the holy Qur'an Sunnah (Hadith) Reprent both man and woman or male female gender except in special circumstances where it is otherwise indication.
The basic facts here is that Islam treats women as individually and district from men in any aspects. Legally women is considered by Islam and individually who most abide by the command and prohibitation of Allah. She is also to be rewarded or punished according to ended or misdeeds. In social life women are also treated as individual she is for example responsible to choosing her own husband. The parent act as guardians for her. Therefore when it comes to the pursuit of knowledge women are also considered as individually who shall like man exercise their right to salvage themselves from ignorance and contribute their quota to the upliftment of the Ummah (Desttiny).
It is the respect of the above that women shall be allowed pursue learning and scholarship normally it is not be content of knowledge pause that in Islam but it usefulness or otherwise or a Doctor (medical) an engenees or agricultural scientist is used for the betterment of the Ummah, the knowledge is as that of someone who masters, Islamic religious education.
According the prophet Mohammad (S.A.W) in the "path" news paper at 19th May 1999, the condition of approval from the parent in the respect of a non-married female shall in any way be interpreted to men that women should not peruse education in the country, parents were given every encouragement to educate their female children.
Prophet Mohammad (SAW) was heard given stuttering of female paradise to any parent who educate his child.
According to "Kebbi" Billetin" 30th January 1999 the century Sheikh Usman Danfodiyo Sokoto Jihad leader was no to have spoken strongly against the neglect of women education. He insisted that a women need for wisdom, an enlightenment is as strong an many and required as much supported and encouragements the following extract from his writing is a clear testimony.
According to a former education minister and acknowledge education professor Aliyu Baba Tunde Fuafuw once said that any society that neglect education is doing so at its on peril while sentencing itself to retrogression and doom his argument is that without education enlightenment perception normally and decency which are basis for hornonious living are let kind. According to him education is repeatedly described as the bedrock of development.
It is the very spring board and foundation upon which is society develop and adaptation greatness our progress as a nation can be no sifter than our above progress in education (John Kennedy). As stated above education is worth while legacy a nation and parents should be quest to their children without specification to gender in order to have independent, inteuigent and wise leaders tomorrow. The belief in this above maximum by right to ensure their children get the best education in their life time.
It is therefore baffling and beats one's imagination to see parent in Birnin Kebbi looking at women education with distain and complete neglect. It most therefore be unequivocally emphasized that education a male children his educing one person, while educating a women is kind educating a nation.
The 1999 constitution retains the provision of the 1979 constitution to the effect that education shall be a right of very child whenever the state can affored it Birnin Kebbi may also look at article 26 of the 1940 universal declaration of human right to which it subscribed on joining UN in 1960. Education shall be free at last, in the elementary and fundamental stages education shall be directed to the full development of human personality.
Also according to the convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedom in 4th of November 1950 in Roma which declared article 2 number person shall be derided the right to education the international commission of Jurists (ICD) declared in another in (1955) that the right to education most be guaranteed to all with our discrimination.
CHAPTER TWO
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
This part of this project work is designed to fashion out the methods that were use in carrying out this project work. This chapter include the following: research design sample of Data collection, method of data collection method of data analysis and hypothesis testing method.
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design is the blue point or plan which determines the nature and scope of study carried out proposed design can be likened to the plans. Consideration and requirement made by one wanted or carry out a particular project. This reach design is relevant because it provides research the information leading to his knowing what kind of method to be used or planned for use.
Impact it is the frame work which specifies the types of data or information to be gathered include the sources of data and procedure use in collecting data.
3.2 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The techniques use in this study is random sampling which is very simple and justifiable.
Both men and women, literate and illiterate parents, civil servants, farmers, businessmen and the girls child in Birnin Kebbi were personally interviewed to know their opinion on the math concerned.
Also data were acquired from text books, relevant journal magazines, periodicals and recommendation from project supervisor.
3.3 SAMPLE AND DATA COLLECTION
The instrument used for carrying out this work was a questionnaire opened and personal interview the questionnaire and personal interview scheduled consisting of 15 questions. The researchers prepared the questions based on the information they wanted which should be relevant to the topic been written.
The questionnaires and personal interview was administered to the selected people in Birnin Kebbi.
3.4 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Questionnaire were distributed but the research himself to all selected people in Birnin Kebbi. The questions on the questionnaire require the respondent to write the correct answer.
3.5 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
The method used in analyzing the data collected is mainly through the use of information collected from different people in Birnin Kebbi. The responses were talked separately for each of the categories of people and descriptive statistics was used to analyse the collected data.
3.6 HYPOTHESIS TESTING METHOD
This refers to the statistically techniques of applied in the analysis research data. Such as statistical techniques is used mainly to test ort verify and test the validity of hypothesis.
However, chi-square a non-parametric (or – statistical test is employed t verify and test the validity of hypothesis. Chi-square is powerful and preferred because it is a general test assigned to evaluate whether the differences between observed frequencies is a expected frequencies under a set of theoretical as assumption is statistically significant by being powerful it means the statistics are likely to reject a hypothesis that is fasie and accepter alternative hypothesis that is vice ver-vens.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
The chapter is centered on method by which data or information for the research project was obtained what will be done in this chapter is to look at the various reasons when women education is not encouraged in Birnin Kebbi, by parents, this importance of educating men and women side by side cannot be overemphasized. Educating is an important men's of social mobility and achieving class status.
Education enables the recipient to affectivity fulfill their roles and responsibilities and participate positively in the development of the nation. It can also be a means through which can equate themselves with men and deserve themselves from the domination of man.
These are the independent opinions of the people interviewed as to the reason why women education takes a stage in Birnin Kebbi.
According to Mallam Musa M. Sakaba Women education is not encouraged due early marriage. According to him the marriage age of a while that of the boys is between seventeen and twenty years.
That at a time when the boys were preparing for entry into junior secondary schools their female counter parent were worming for their fist experience in marriage at such a tender age.
According to Musa M. Sakaba early marriage is indeed accountable for numbers of the withdrawal of girls from schools, this according to him is because of a widely held belief the girls should ideally experience the first menstruation in husbands house and should be married before her sex potentials is fully developed. Underling this attitude is the fear of a possible loss of virginity and conception outside wedlock, lost of virginity and particularly illegitimacy are considered to be the result of parental.
Another reason given by Mallam Sani Aliyu was that it highly believed that it is men not women who have the right to participate in public life and who monopolize public affairs, the ideal women and wife were viewed as submissive object and content to enjoy reflected status from her husband.
According to Mallam Arzika Musa placing the girl child in school will disrupt this valuable socializing experience.
Also interviewed was Attahiru Maiyaki who said that social economic constraints on the part of parents also affect their attitude to woman education.
According to him, where parental resources are limited, the female tended to get a lower order or priority in consideration for enter into further education.
The means that where parents, resources are not enough to later for the education of both male and female children, they prefer to send the boys to school and leave the girls even if the letter are more lamented or intelligent.
The meltan Haruna Awandu, a blind bigger in Birnin Kebbi regretted not sending her grand tougher to school the girl non-eighteen years old yet to marry and without Onyy.
Sustainable means of livelihood. Another one interviewed Suwaba Abubakar a divorce regretted not attending school during her youth, she blamed her parents who decided not to send her to school. In preference to hawking and subsequently forced married.
The marriage did not last for up to two month a twelve years old girl by name I am Wakkals Kofar Kardi Arar Ambursa in Birnin Kebbi disclosed that it is her zeal to learn but her father had on several occasion forced her adult of school, her father had not seen the importance of education for women because according to him immorality among girls are learnt at school. The view of my respondent revel not only importance of education by allowing her to conclude her education.
4.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Women education in not encourage due to early marriage in Birnin Kebbi marriage is indeed accountable for most of the withdrawal of girls from schools, the findings also showed that it is men not woman who here the night to participate in public life and who monopolize public affairs.
The ideal woman and wife were viewed as submissive obedient and content to enjoy reflected status from her husband.
The withdrawal of young give from school can also be affricated to the parents who act of the urge for wealth engage their young girls in hawking on the protect that they are serving from the girls marriage whirl might not hold after all due to the ional as a result of the hawking.
The pariah system in brining Kebbi also prevent woman from going to schools.
4.2 TESTINGS HYPOTHESES
The research was designed to represent a comprehensive plan to test the hypothesis formulated as a result of the defined statement of research problems and the objective of the study in order to provide a basis for investigation and the eventual determination of their accuracy. These the following is the validation or otherwise of our hypothesis from the data presented. Interpreted and analyzed in the preceding sub-chapter.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY
This research work is concerned with the block prospect of girls – child education in Birnin Kebbi and other parts of the state and the importance role education played in the life of any nation in the world, this project sets out to find the causative factors of the like attitude of parents to girls child education in Kebbi State.
The right from the garden of Edon, when women was aerated from the Vib of Adam, she has remained a very integral part of development.
Repeatedly it has been proved that women hold the key to the shopping and vital position she occupies. As wife, she is vested with the power of being the husbands shadow and think of the home absence collapses the entire foundation of the home.
As mother she is responsible for charting the future of the children.
As a home maker it is her shoulders the task of managing limited resources falls on.
Unfortunately these some duties that make women a must in the home and society make her inferior in the perfection of the society.
The some society that women helped to build going up to keep her put of unlighted by denying her education our male sees women only useful in the bedroom, kitchen and labour rooms, to them women were weak in everything, their bran inclusive. These nations concerning the ability of women to operate responsible for the smooth running of the home have changed much.
Yet the belief and popular opinion still postulates that women have no business outside their natural habitual the home is held berry high in Birnin Kebbi.
These great changes can be attested to by caliber of women like Margaret Akpo, Queen, Amina Maryam Babangida, Chief Bala Kurforiyi Olubi, Victoria Gowon etc. all these women got to the right of their chosen career because of the education enquired in their you this true development be elusive for Birnin Kebbi if, they continued derail of education to women persist. To this end parents in Birnin Kebbi should put into consideration the fact that enlistment of the society. They should be given adequate education in orderly to be fully involved in the social economic cultural and technological growth taking place in Nigeria and world in general, this point cannot be overemphasized.
5.1 CONCLUSION
To carry this write up a lot of related books and publications were consulted having carefully evaluated the important education plays in the life of a nation I come to the conclusion that education of women at all levels in Birnin Kebbi should be encouraged by the government and the Emir, by giving public lectures, to perents on what they stand to gain by encouraging the education of their women. Also parents should be informed that true development is linger on the educational ability of citizens. Only education people would blazed trails in all are 21 century.
For women to actually make observable important in the new millennium in Birnin Kebbi towards women education because women education is more of a blessing to society then a cause.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the data collected observation made and the analysis in the previous chapters, this study wish to make the following suggestion and recommendation which will help in the change of attitude of parents in Birnin Kebbi to women education from negativity to positively.
a. Special schools should be build for women in the state that is at the post primary level school for women only and at post secondary level schools for women only should be built to encourage the parents to send their children to these school so that the fear of corruption and promised will be allayed.
b. Free education at all level be given to women to university as a way of encouraging them in the state.
c. Kebbi State Government should enact a level baring women from hawking because girls child believe that it is only through hawking that they can save money to support parents during their marriage.
d. Women who are successful in life through education in the state should be strict be given award of merit.
e. Early marriage should be strictly discouraged and the harmful effects of early marriage should be made known to both parents and girls child.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Amalie (1989) The role of women in agricultural development
studies view voltage Nos. 1811 June/December.
Bridgette Ogugua. Changing role of women the both 18/05/99.
page 12.
Custle C.B (1995) Principle of education for teachers in Africa
Oxford University Press London.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (1992) Views and comment of the federal
government on the report of the commission on the review of higher education in Nigeria federal government press, Logos.
Hajiya Z. Abubakar Problems of girls child education in Kebbi State
Nwabara C. (1987) Women in the third republic Nigerian journal of
Policy and Strategy Vol.2 No.1 Challenge press Jos.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A the quotation from the world book of encyclopedias suggest one of the aims of education vis-Ã -vis schooling is to train children for day to day living which includes enabling them to care for the needs of the family as well as the nation. While not minimizing the importance of training for day to day living the holy Qurian shown that this is nether the only nor-principal goal education.
A successful education should also foster in children the joy and happiness of living and help them to make their place in the society as a well balanced individuals.
Our progress as a nation can be no swifter then our progress in education (John Kennedy) has stated above education is a work while legacy a nation and parents should bequeath to their children in order to have independent. Intelligent and wise leaders tomorrow the belief in this mixing by parent informs their toiling day and night to ensure their children get that best education in know that education plays a vital life time all over the world therefore this brings us to know that education plays a vital role in watching new leaders for above aims of education among male and female children in the society. In view of the above aims of education among many others it is therefore appalling and a thing of great sadness to known that women education is giving a lackadaisical attitude by parent in Birnin Kebbi. This project therefore is to find out the reasons why the cold attitude to women education by parents in Birnin Kebbi and possibly prefer lasting solution to the problem in the state.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Today one finds women in profession in there to regard as exclusive preserves of in men. In law medicine engineering management even social crusade name rule women's are not left out entirely quest for a new rule become pronounced after Nigerian's independence policies upon policies had been made to better the effects of women's struggle for a role become felt by effects of women's struggle for a role become felt by most members of society.
Between 1960's to 1980's, a lot was achieved in terms of carving a new role for Nigerian women infact some could be said about women infact some could be said about women in most African countries it was a wind of total change from being however of firewood and drawers of water to becoming issues recognized actively by the society as the main stay of development.
In the fact of the above, it is noted that education plays a signifunat role in watching new leaders fire the society.
A free and universal education for both man and women in the society, among the many aims and objectives of education, It is therefore disinheriting to know that parents in Birnin Kebbi look at women education with negatively. There is a show of I don't care attitude to women education in Birnin Kebbi and Kebbi State in general.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The need for this study stems from the fact that education plays an important role in the development of social economically political religions life of humanity especially the women who is the bested with the responsibility of bring the bus bands should and think that of the home whose absence automatically brings about the total collapse of the entire for the foundation of the home.
As a mother she is responsible for the charting the further of the children. As a home making it is here shoulder the task of managing limited resources falls on. The duties of the women are so many which are the related to education that the derail of education to the women is an automate failure on the part of such society.
It is therefore in view of encouraging parent to send the women to school that I have decided to undertake this research.
First and foremost to know the reason where parent in the Birnin Kebbi from at sending their women to school and lastly to show reason why women education is very important and encourage parent to send or give the women education.
1.4 SIGNIFICATION OF THE STUDY
This write of will be immense benefit to parent generally who comes across it to appreciably women education.
It will enable parent who have a view about education for women to have though and their negatively about women education positively.
Also the project will go along way of assisting education student both university and college of education of their research and ensure reading.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Owing to limited time resources uncompromising response physical and financial capacity and national board for technical education (NBTE) retirement this write up will be strictly restricted to Birnin Kebbi local government in Kebbi State.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
1. Parents have negative attitude to words women education in Kebbi State.
2. Kebbi State government gives free and universal education for women in Kebbi State.
3. Education plays significance role fore a women in Kebbi State.
4. Education women play a significance roles in Kebbi State.
5. Women participate in all flied of education in Kebbi State.
1.7 SCHEME OF CHAPTER
This research work contain introduction statement of the problem. Aims and objectives of the study significance of the study. Hypothesis, scope and limitation of the study as well as definition and some major terms.
Chapter two literature review, chapter three is research methodology research design sample and sampling techniques sample of data collection.
Method of data analysis as well as hypothesis testing method.
Chapter four is data presentation and analysis, summary of finding as well as testing of hypothesis.
The list chapter fire if summary conclusion, Recommendation and bibliography.
DEFINITION AND SOME MAJOR TERMS
1. Attitude:- The opinions and feeding that you usually have about something the attitude to words women really scare me.
2. Parent:- The father or mother of a person or animal I don't really geton with my boyfriend parent substitute such as aunt see picture of family.
3. Education:- Singular the process by which your mind development through learning at a school college or university. They had worked hard to give their son a good education adult education classes. The knowledge an skills that you gain from being taught a college education.
4. Women:- The women who are involved in the aim of improving the social economics and political position of women and of ending sexual discrimination.
5. Society:- The concerning human society and its organizes or the quality of peoples lives various social issues such unemployment and education were discussed.
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
This project intends to work into various literature from the library researching on the parent attitude to the women education and women education generally. In this chapter intends to bring out what others have said about the topic throughout book, journal and magazine.
Therefore the literature review we shall see importance of education of women.
The Third (3rd) natural development plan declared that consideration of justice and equity demands equalization of education opportunity enable any Nigeria child to have comparative opportunities for self development and fulfillment, irrespective of social circumstances into which he or she has been burn (FGN 1975) the natural policy on education on its part in keeping with the national objectives on educations its stipulates that basic education its stipulates that basic education most be provide whenever there are people and whenever there are (FGN 1977) these are other official consideration lead access to basic education which necessitated the introduction of UPE scheme in 1976 I need there are ample evidence to suggest that modern school structure have been reasonable and established in the most part of the Kebbi State.
However despite very extensive network or school established the state over the last few year of the creation of the state the goal of universal primary education which stresses 100% enrolment rate remains elusive in birnin Kebbi.
A statistical figures published by the federal ministry of education has revealed that only 27.5% of primary school age population (6 – 11 years) of Kebbi (inducing Sokoto Zamfara State) were enrolled in primary school. This shows that a little more than a quarter of school age population called go to school.
However the official statistics is copiously silent about the gender composition of the embracing low school enrollment figure the truth of the matter is that less than one third of the pupils attending primary school in the state are girls. The gap even get wider and wider as children more along education\leaders as few girls than boys reach secondary school. The figure for girls becomes even lower at the tertiary educational level, as very few parents for husband will allow their daughter/wives to divide the lives between home and school life.
There is hardly anything in Islam, the dominant religion in this state to justice the (want on) neglect of women education. From the Islamic point of view according to "the part" newspaper of June 1, 1991 all prophetic tradition stipulates that the search for the knowledge is compulsory upon every "Muslim male and female Allah (SWT) has declared in the holy Qur'an" that I have only created join and man that they may worship me (51:56) worship here is not rickrack to the physical performance of religious vactual alone but it embarks all aspect of human activities fact though feedings and work which are in conformity with the Qur'an and Sunnah then if men and women are spiritually and mentally equipped for all these has will they be able to perform their obligation to Allah to themselves and to humanly? Many verses of the holy Qur'an are showing the importance of knowledge in fact Islamic considered education as the base on whole that most be growth of the human development and key to culture and civilization in Islam knowledge is considered pursued by the behaviors and no distraction is made between religious and secular knowledge. This is so because in the holy Qura'n the believers are encouraged to problem to the environment conquer and utilize it.
The believer in this context and as used in the holy Qur'an Sunnah (Hadith) Reprent both man and woman or male female gender except in special circumstances where it is otherwise indication.
The basic facts here is that Islam treats women as individually and district from men in any aspects. Legally women is considered by Islam and individually who most abide by the command and prohibitation of Allah. She is also to be rewarded or punished according to ended or misdeeds. In social life women are also treated as individual she is for example responsible to choosing her own husband. The parent act as guardians for her. Therefore when it comes to the pursuit of knowledge women are also considered as individually who shall like man exercise their right to salvage themselves from ignorance and contribute their quota to the upliftment of the Ummah (Desttiny).
It is the respect of the above that women shall be allowed pursue learning and scholarship normally it is not be content of knowledge pause that in Islam but it usefulness or otherwise or a Doctor (medical) an engenees or agricultural scientist is used for the betterment of the Ummah, the knowledge is as that of someone who masters, Islamic religious education.
According the prophet Mohammad (S.A.W) in the "path" news paper at 19th May 1999, the condition of approval from the parent in the respect of a non-married female shall in any way be interpreted to men that women should not peruse education in the country, parents were given every encouragement to educate their female children.
Prophet Mohammad (SAW) was heard given stuttering of female paradise to any parent who educate his child.
According to "Kebbi" Billetin" 30th January 1999 the century Sheikh Usman Danfodiyo Sokoto Jihad leader was no to have spoken strongly against the neglect of women education. He insisted that a women need for wisdom, an enlightenment is as strong an many and required as much supported and encouragements the following extract from his writing is a clear testimony.
According to a former education minister and acknowledge education professor Aliyu Baba Tunde Fuafuw once said that any society that neglect education is doing so at its on peril while sentencing itself to retrogression and doom his argument is that without education enlightenment perception normally and decency which are basis for hornonious living are let kind. According to him education is repeatedly described as the bedrock of development.
It is the very spring board and foundation upon which is society develop and adaptation greatness our progress as a nation can be no sifter than our above progress in education (John Kennedy). As stated above education is worth while legacy a nation and parents should be quest to their children without specification to gender in order to have independent, inteuigent and wise leaders tomorrow. The belief in this above maximum by right to ensure their children get the best education in their life time.
It is therefore baffling and beats one's imagination to see parent in Birnin Kebbi looking at women education with distain and complete neglect. It most therefore be unequivocally emphasized that education a male children his educing one person, while educating a women is kind educating a nation.
The 1999 constitution retains the provision of the 1979 constitution to the effect that education shall be a right of very child whenever the state can affored it Birnin Kebbi may also look at article 26 of the 1940 universal declaration of human right to which it subscribed on joining UN in 1960. Education shall be free at last, in the elementary and fundamental stages education shall be directed to the full development of human personality.
Also according to the convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedom in 4th of November 1950 in Roma which declared article 2 number person shall be derided the right to education the international commission of Jurists (ICD) declared in another in (1955) that the right to education most be guaranteed to all with our discrimination.
CHAPTER TWO
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
This part of this project work is designed to fashion out the methods that were use in carrying out this project work. This chapter include the following: research design sample of Data collection, method of data collection method of data analysis and hypothesis testing method.
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design is the blue point or plan which determines the nature and scope of study carried out proposed design can be likened to the plans. Consideration and requirement made by one wanted or carry out a particular project. This reach design is relevant because it provides research the information leading to his knowing what kind of method to be used or planned for use.
Impact it is the frame work which specifies the types of data or information to be gathered include the sources of data and procedure use in collecting data.
3.2 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The techniques use in this study is random sampling which is very simple and justifiable.
Both men and women, literate and illiterate parents, civil servants, farmers, businessmen and the girls child in Birnin Kebbi were personally interviewed to know their opinion on the math concerned.
Also data were acquired from text books, relevant journal magazines, periodicals and recommendation from project supervisor.
3.3 SAMPLE AND DATA COLLECTION
The instrument used for carrying out this work was a questionnaire opened and personal interview the questionnaire and personal interview scheduled consisting of 15 questions. The researchers prepared the questions based on the information they wanted which should be relevant to the topic been written.
The questionnaires and personal interview was administered to the selected people in Birnin Kebbi.
3.4 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Questionnaire were distributed but the research himself to all selected people in Birnin Kebbi. The questions on the questionnaire require the respondent to write the correct answer.
3.5 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
The method used in analyzing the data collected is mainly through the use of information collected from different people in Birnin Kebbi. The responses were talked separately for each of the categories of people and descriptive statistics was used to analyse the collected data.
3.6 HYPOTHESIS TESTING METHOD
This refers to the statistically techniques of applied in the analysis research data. Such as statistical techniques is used mainly to test ort verify and test the validity of hypothesis.
However, chi-square a non-parametric (or – statistical test is employed t verify and test the validity of hypothesis. Chi-square is powerful and preferred because it is a general test assigned to evaluate whether the differences between observed frequencies is a expected frequencies under a set of theoretical as assumption is statistically significant by being powerful it means the statistics are likely to reject a hypothesis that is fasie and accepter alternative hypothesis that is vice ver-vens.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
The chapter is centered on method by which data or information for the research project was obtained what will be done in this chapter is to look at the various reasons when women education is not encouraged in Birnin Kebbi, by parents, this importance of educating men and women side by side cannot be overemphasized. Educating is an important men's of social mobility and achieving class status.
Education enables the recipient to affectivity fulfill their roles and responsibilities and participate positively in the development of the nation. It can also be a means through which can equate themselves with men and deserve themselves from the domination of man.
These are the independent opinions of the people interviewed as to the reason why women education takes a stage in Birnin Kebbi.
According to Mallam Musa M. Sakaba Women education is not encouraged due early marriage. According to him the marriage age of a while that of the boys is between seventeen and twenty years.
That at a time when the boys were preparing for entry into junior secondary schools their female counter parent were worming for their fist experience in marriage at such a tender age.
According to Musa M. Sakaba early marriage is indeed accountable for numbers of the withdrawal of girls from schools, this according to him is because of a widely held belief the girls should ideally experience the first menstruation in husbands house and should be married before her sex potentials is fully developed. Underling this attitude is the fear of a possible loss of virginity and conception outside wedlock, lost of virginity and particularly illegitimacy are considered to be the result of parental.
Another reason given by Mallam Sani Aliyu was that it highly believed that it is men not women who have the right to participate in public life and who monopolize public affairs, the ideal women and wife were viewed as submissive object and content to enjoy reflected status from her husband.
According to Mallam Arzika Musa placing the girl child in school will disrupt this valuable socializing experience.
Also interviewed was Attahiru Maiyaki who said that social economic constraints on the part of parents also affect their attitude to woman education.
According to him, where parental resources are limited, the female tended to get a lower order or priority in consideration for enter into further education.
The means that where parents, resources are not enough to later for the education of both male and female children, they prefer to send the boys to school and leave the girls even if the letter are more lamented or intelligent.
The meltan Haruna Awandu, a blind bigger in Birnin Kebbi regretted not sending her grand tougher to school the girl non-eighteen years old yet to marry and without Onyy.
Sustainable means of livelihood. Another one interviewed Suwaba Abubakar a divorce regretted not attending school during her youth, she blamed her parents who decided not to send her to school. In preference to hawking and subsequently forced married.
The marriage did not last for up to two month a twelve years old girl by name I am Wakkals Kofar Kardi Arar Ambursa in Birnin Kebbi disclosed that it is her zeal to learn but her father had on several occasion forced her adult of school, her father had not seen the importance of education for women because according to him immorality among girls are learnt at school. The view of my respondent revel not only importance of education by allowing her to conclude her education.
4.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Women education in not encourage due to early marriage in Birnin Kebbi marriage is indeed accountable for most of the withdrawal of girls from schools, the findings also showed that it is men not woman who here the night to participate in public life and who monopolize public affairs.
The ideal woman and wife were viewed as submissive obedient and content to enjoy reflected status from her husband.
The withdrawal of young give from school can also be affricated to the parents who act of the urge for wealth engage their young girls in hawking on the protect that they are serving from the girls marriage whirl might not hold after all due to the ional as a result of the hawking.
The pariah system in brining Kebbi also prevent woman from going to schools.
4.2 TESTINGS HYPOTHESES
The research was designed to represent a comprehensive plan to test the hypothesis formulated as a result of the defined statement of research problems and the objective of the study in order to provide a basis for investigation and the eventual determination of their accuracy. These the following is the validation or otherwise of our hypothesis from the data presented. Interpreted and analyzed in the preceding sub-chapter.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY
This research work is concerned with the block prospect of girls – child education in Birnin Kebbi and other parts of the state and the importance role education played in the life of any nation in the world, this project sets out to find the causative factors of the like attitude of parents to girls child education in Kebbi State.
The right from the garden of Edon, when women was aerated from the Vib of Adam, she has remained a very integral part of development.
Repeatedly it has been proved that women hold the key to the shopping and vital position she occupies. As wife, she is vested with the power of being the husbands shadow and think of the home absence collapses the entire foundation of the home.
As mother she is responsible for charting the future of the children.
As a home maker it is her shoulders the task of managing limited resources falls on.
Unfortunately these some duties that make women a must in the home and society make her inferior in the perfection of the society.
The some society that women helped to build going up to keep her put of unlighted by denying her education our male sees women only useful in the bedroom, kitchen and labour rooms, to them women were weak in everything, their bran inclusive. These nations concerning the ability of women to operate responsible for the smooth running of the home have changed much.
Yet the belief and popular opinion still postulates that women have no business outside their natural habitual the home is held berry high in Birnin Kebbi.
These great changes can be attested to by caliber of women like Margaret Akpo, Queen, Amina Maryam Babangida, Chief Bala Kurforiyi Olubi, Victoria Gowon etc. all these women got to the right of their chosen career because of the education enquired in their you this true development be elusive for Birnin Kebbi if, they continued derail of education to women persist. To this end parents in Birnin Kebbi should put into consideration the fact that enlistment of the society. They should be given adequate education in orderly to be fully involved in the social economic cultural and technological growth taking place in Nigeria and world in general, this point cannot be overemphasized.
5.1 CONCLUSION
To carry this write up a lot of related books and publications were consulted having carefully evaluated the important education plays in the life of a nation I come to the conclusion that education of women at all levels in Birnin Kebbi should be encouraged by the government and the Emir, by giving public lectures, to perents on what they stand to gain by encouraging the education of their women. Also parents should be informed that true development is linger on the educational ability of citizens. Only education people would blazed trails in all are 21 century.
For women to actually make observable important in the new millennium in Birnin Kebbi towards women education because women education is more of a blessing to society then a cause.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the data collected observation made and the analysis in the previous chapters, this study wish to make the following suggestion and recommendation which will help in the change of attitude of parents in Birnin Kebbi to women education from negativity to positively.
a. Special schools should be build for women in the state that is at the post primary level school for women only and at post secondary level schools for women only should be built to encourage the parents to send their children to these school so that the fear of corruption and promised will be allayed.
b. Free education at all level be given to women to university as a way of encouraging them in the state.
c. Kebbi State Government should enact a level baring women from hawking because girls child believe that it is only through hawking that they can save money to support parents during their marriage.
d. Women who are successful in life through education in the state should be strict be given award of merit.
e. Early marriage should be strictly discouraged and the harmful effects of early marriage should be made known to both parents and girls child.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Amalie (1989) The role of women in agricultural development
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Bridgette Ogugua. Changing role of women the both 18/05/99.
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Custle C.B (1995) Principle of education for teachers in Africa
Oxford University Press London.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (1992) Views and comment of the federal
government on the report of the commission on the review of higher education in Nigeria federal government press, Logos.
Hajiya Z. Abubakar Problems of girls child education in Kebbi State
Nwabara C. (1987) Women in the third republic Nigerian journal of
Policy and Strategy Vol.2 No.1 Challenge press Jos.
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