THE ROLE PARENT TEACHERS ASSOCIATION (P.T.A) AND THE SCHOOL IN MAINTAINING SCHOOL COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COLLEGE SOKOTO
TABLE CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems 7
1.3 Objectives of the Study 8
1.4 Research Question 9
1.5 Significant of the Study 9
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study 10
1.7 Definition of Terms 11
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction 13
2.1 Parents Teachers Association and School Community
Relation 16
2.2 Parents Teachers Association and Educational
Development 20
2.3 Parents Teachers Association and School Discipline. 23
2.4 Summary of the Literature 25
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 26
3.1 Research Design 26
3.2 Population of the Study 27
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques 27
3.4 Instrumentation 28
3.4.1 Validity of the Instrument 29
3.4.2 Reliability of the Instrument 29
3.5 Procedure for Data Collection 30
3.6 Method of Data Analysis 30
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.0 Introduction 31
4.1 Data Analysis and Result of Finding 31
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of the Findings 53
5.2 Conclusion 54
5.3 Recommendations 55
5.4 Suggestion for Further Research 57
Reference 58
Appendix 60
Questionnaire 61
THE ROLE PARENT TEACHERS ASSOCIATION (P.T.A) AND THE SCHOOL IN MAINTAINING SCHOOL COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COLLEGE SOKOTO)
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Formally schools existed indecently without the support of the society using the argument a professional skills such as teaching must be carried out without interruption or interference. As such teachers believed that the parent should allow the teaching to exist with little or no interference.
This led the society or parent to loose confidence in the school and made them with held any kind of assistance which might be helpful to the school.
Until recently it is understood that this a component of the society and that it cannot go without support of the society. Therefore, school the day are trying to encourage parents to take a greater interest in the school and get a better understanding. What is going in the classroom? This is to be welcomed, for no satisfaction can be drawn from the experience of the past, in which children of school become culturally and intellectually divorced from their families and found on learning school that they were misfits in their communities.
Some school heads are treating these problems, by opening the school to parents, so that they can learn, or use the facilities of the school for study and recreation. Some are welcoming parents into the classroom as teacher's aides so as to utilize the skills and energy of those who have the greatest vested interested in the pupils.
More and more parents are being urged to visit schools and talk to teachers about their children's work such visit are more profitable than report cards sent home on what children have done.
One of the fundamental channels of receiving fall of the school system is through proper strengthening of the school community relationship through or continuous flow o0f information between them which may lead to progress and achievement of the goal set for the school. Parent Teachers Association (PTA) is the most suitable means of bringing the school and community together.
Through the parent teachers association, parents are invited to support the school in practical ways. In turn, the school open its door to them inviting them to share in the life of the school and discover low best they can help their own children's education
Also association bridges the gap between the school and the community. Parent teacher association (PTA) as it is at parent articulated in our educational system owns its origin to a formal organization in America which began about a century ago, the national congress of matters. This organization helps its first national convention in 1877. In 1924 the national congress of parents and teachers help its own. Its functions were summarized as acting in advisory to school in America.
Overcome the organization evolved it parent little of parent teachers association and a wide variety of function including participation in curriculum development setting up standard for schools and taking part is vital policy decisions of immense relevance to schools n U.S.A from America the concept of parents teachers association (PTA) has spread to various part of the world as a concrete expression of the awareness of school home cooperation in the educational process of children.
In Nigeria, during the colonial period, the traditional rulers played the roles of what is today called parents teachers association (PTA) in primary schools. The consulted them in all matters concerning parents, with regard to education most especially in the cases of attendance and enrolment of new intakes. There by, they disseminate the information to the affected parents. Again the traditional rulers used to visit schools in their domain from time to time and discuss matters affecting the schools with the traders. Although, the traditional rulers rendered most of what we call P.T.A function today during the period, it is noted that there was no coordinating between the school and the community which is the backbone of P.T.A.
The formal introduction of P.T.A into the Nigerian educational system was done by Asiko administration through the public education edit of 1970. The some edict and subsequent official promulgations defined the compositions and functions of the association in the northern parts of Nigeria. It is fundamentally based on the premises of actively linking the home and school partnership for a more truthful education upbringing of the youth.
It should be noted that PTA was introduced in the southern part of Nigeria earlier introduction of western education in the southern part of the country that in the northern.
With the creation of the defunct primary school management board (PSMB) in 1988, the association was supplemented with educational committees formed in each state school area. The committees are:
1. State education committee, which shouldered the responsibility of improving secondary education in the state government.
2. Direct education committee which is charge with the responsibility of improving primary and secondary education within the district.
3. Village education committees, which is responsible for improving the quality of primary education in the village.
These committees met at the end each month, and allowances were given to the members which were paid after the submission of the committees report at the end of each month.
In 1922 the desires of improving and enhancing education of all levels led to the parents, guardians and teachers to jointly agreed and constituted themselves into an organization, the organization is known as "National Parent Teachers Association (NPTA) with its headquarters in Lagos. Subsequently the association was formed at state and local government levels.
The formation of parents teachers association (PTA) in federal government college Sokoto can be traced back to 1966 with the following offices as follows: chairman, vice chairman, secretary, assistant secretary, financial secretary, assistant financial secretary, public relation officer and ex-official. Each performing his duty respectively.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The school and the community are among the most vital agencies of education. The school is charged with the responsibility of importing knowledge to the individuals through formal instruction. While the community shouldered the responsibility of giving the primary training to an individual. One of the most serious problem facing the Nigerian educational system and most especially federal government area is the relationship between the two agencies that is the school and community.
Initially, parent send their children to secondary school to receive formal education where a child is expose to now things that broaden his knowledge. The disseminates information about the progress of the children to their parent from time to time through report cards. But this method of dissimilating information cannot solve the problem due to illiteracy and ignorance of most of our parents. Parent teachers association (PTA) is seen as the most conventional means of involving the community with the school activities that carried out from time to time.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To investigate the roles of PTA and school governance in maintaining school community relationship.
2. To find out the achievement of PTA and school governance in maintaining school community relationship in federal community relationship Sokoto.
3. To verify the problems affecting PTA and school management in maintaining school community relationship in federal government college Sokoto.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the role (PTA) and school governance in maintaining school; and community relationship in Federal Government College Sokoto?
2. What are the achievement of parents teachers association (PTA) and school governance in maintaining school community relationship in Federal Government College Sokoto?
3. What are the problems affecting PTA and school community relationship?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Considering the present economics prediction in Nigeria in which education is assumed to be a collected responsibility, individual and policy makers word find it useful in achieving this objective.
The parent's guardian and teachers have formed parent teachers association and recommendations provide in this research would help in no small measure in solving the problem of PTA at all level.
Further more, this research would help PTA members within and outside federal government college sokoto are for its hoped what they would realize its importance and be conscious of their responsibilities.
In essence, it hoped that if teachers and parent are fortunate enough to get in touch with this research PTA would be enhanced.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
As stated earlier this project is to look into the activities and also the effort made by the parent teachers associations toward the development of education in Federal Government College Sokoto. Although as we all know, the parents teachers association exist all over the country, but only Federal Government College Sokoto Area would be a case study. This is to ensure a management proportion for a thorough study.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS.
1. School governance: Encompasses the effective management of relationship with the immediate and extended school community for which school council must take overall responsibilities. Also school governance is the relationship between school district voters, school board, school administration and the legislative and executive branches of state government.
2. School community relationship: The maintenance of good relationship between the school and the community is very essential in any good social setting, that there is a sound education basic for community participation in various faces education in school. A lot of dissatisfaction coupled with higher expectation for school is largely due to the information gap and misunderstanding between school and community regarding conception of what schools should be doing for children what led to progress and goal achievement is the continuous flow of information between the school and the community.
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Many educationalist and administrative such as Fafunwa, Ukeji, Ogunna, Bolola and a host of other have written various articles on management of school or education through the parent teachers association by both community and parent of the pupils themselves.
These reviewed scholars have shown much concerned on the need for the contribution which parent teachers association (PTA) and area can make towards the successful execution of secondary education programme of any area or state of the federation. Thus, this chapter intends to review the contribution of these scholars in the new dimension of finding of secondary education via parent teachers association effort.
Adesina, et al (1988) define parent teachers association (PTA) as a free association or body of people made up of all the teachers of a particular school and the parent whose children attained the school. This association is one of the most effective machinery for solving problem relating to finance staffing and other miscellaneous school affairs.
Farrent (1980) sees it as a means of writing parent to support the school in practical ways such as fund raising for teaching equipment or helping to carry out building, repairs and improvement. In return, the school opens its doors to them, writing them to share in the life of then school and discover how best they can help their own children education.
According to Ukeja (1992) Parent Teachers Association is a formal establishment in the school system. It comprises of parent whose children are the school together with the teachers in the school. the members elect their own chairman and the principle is the secretary. It is an appropriate forum for disseminating and expectation of both partly and taking decision about how to solve problems and satisfy, identified need. Because the parents participated in the decision making with school and its programmes.
Exoscha (1985) defined Parent Teachers Association as a voluntary and welfare of parent's guardians of children of a particular school within the teachers of that school.
Adeyoma (1964) sees parent teachers association as a society which promotes mutual understanding and co-operation between school and home and it classes the gap between the two.
In spite, of the effort of the above writers, there have been series of writing and studies conducted in connecting with what PTA is all about and the position it occupies in the educational development within and outside Nigeria.
Also in chapter an effort would be made to examine these views: try to see the roles of parent teachers association (PTA) in drawing the school near to the community, the effort of PTA in the improvement of facing standard of education and the contribution of parent teachers association (PTA) in the maintenance of discipline in school.
2.1 PARENT TEACHERS ASSOCIATION AND SCHOOL COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP
The maintenance of good relationship between the school and the community is very essential in any good social setting. That there is a sound educational basic for community participation in various faces of coupled with higher expectations for school is largely due to the information gap misunderstanding between school and community regarding conception of which school should be doing for children. What lend to progress and good achievement is the continuous flow of information between school and community.
In their study school community relationship, Adesina, Fagbonba and Tolabi (1985) have commented that:
The school and the home should maintain close contact and exchange view and communities through the PTA, the period meeting between parent and teachers will provide a forum for discussion and taking decisions or matter affecting public. Such meeting will also help to enhance the much needed co-operation between teachers and parent as regards pupil's progress and problem (page 150).
Hymes argued on the same direction as he observed that:
It is essential that parent teachers agreed on good education only when such unity exist will children experience consistency of treatment they need for their full development. Only when mutual trust and understanding exist, homes and school find their creative energies. Unplugged by doubts and arguments and suspicious released to walk for children (page 36)
Furthermore, being the federal government fully aware of the key role of parent teachers association (PTA) in the achievement of its noble objectives education is no more a provide enterprises but a huge government venture. Hence, it state that government takeover of secondary school should be without prejudice to community involvement and participation in its own words. The local people particularly there will be encourage to participate in school management (National policy and education page 33).
Adeyoma (1964) also in his remarks on the maintenance of good relationship between the school and the community stated that:
When children get to school, they would start read learning. The pre-school education is given by parents, guardian and friends, a teacher is going to teach the pupil in the school, therefore the parent and the principal should arrange for a mutual society which will help to mould the children's education.
In his study of the relationship between the school and the community, Farrant (1980) maintained that:
The opening up of the school to the society will make for a much better relationship between school and community and result in much more efficient use of resources (page 252)
Balogun, (1981) addressed that:
The school definitely needs to be in close relationship with its community because of morals, financials and materials support which it gives to the school affairs make the link between school and community should regard each other as partners (page 150)
To further address the needs for PTA in schools Ezeocha (1985) commented that PTA could be invited for settlement when there had some litches between the students and the school authority, where he stated:
The PTA were usually invited in the heat of crisis to help in achieving settlement between student and school authority (page 30)
The introduction of parent teachers association (PTA) into educational system is a welcome innovation. The association is an effective link between the home and the school and is important for a more successful upbringing of children.
2.2 PARENT TEACHERS ASSOCIATION AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
One of the key roles of PTA in school is to uplift the educational system through certain means which usually differ from one society to another.
A close contact and frequent exchange of information between the school and the parent will help to guide teachers in attaining their educational objectives.
Ezeocha (1985) declared that in America, parent teachers association had a number of functions toward the development of education, which include fund raising, participation in curriculum development, provision of vital amenities to the school setting up standard and taking part in vital policy decision of immense relevance to school.
To reiterate the PTA role towards the educational development, Adeyemo stressed that:
A parent teachers association provides an opportunity for each both teachers and parent to meet together for the discussion of matter affecting the school: where the payment of school fees for example is a problem or the children came to school late or where the purchase school late or where the purchase of the school books is a difficulty (page 44).
A parent teachers association can some time make for a better understanding and suggest ways of solving the problems.
Adesina, Fagbobe and Tolabi (1985) have also commented on the needs for a PTA in the attainment of educational objectives in schools. As they stated that:
A close contact and frequent exchange information between the school and the home will help to guide teachers in attaining their educational objectives (page 151)
Furthermore, Aggrival (1981) in connection with the efforts of PTA in the improvement of educational maintenance that:
It is absolutely essential that parent and teachers should find opportunity of meeting each other to obtain a proper appraisal of each other problem and to threat out ways and means of countering in a manner that will be salutary for the growth of the child in their care (page 118)
Moreover, Fafunwa (1974) encourage the formation of PTA in school where he noted that:
The parent sibling and other member of the community should participate in the educational the child . Every one want him to be honest, sociable, courageous humble, prospecting and of good report all time (page 21).
To further clarify the need for PTA in the calculation upliftment.
Balogun et al (1981) commented that:
Educational is an activity which involves the co-operation of teachers, parents and the community as a whole.
2.3 PARENT TEACHERS ASSOCIATION AND SCHOOL DISCIPLINE
One of the major factors affecting the educational of children in school was lack of discipline among our pupils. And a number of reasons have been preferred fro such gross sets of discipline like drug abuse, absenteeism, disrespect to elders and those in authority, dishonesty and retaliation among our school. parent teachers association is one of the most effective machinery for solving pupils disciplinary problems. It is also a good forum for solving pupils relating to finance, stuffing and other miscellaneous affairs. The advisory committee made up of the representative chosen by members of the parents teachers association can deal with pupils case of specific meeting period of each terms of the year.
Ezeocha (1985) has connected that:
Parent teachers association PTA stand a better chance of strengthening in authority of the school with regard to disciplinary problem since such kind of complicated disciplinary case can be reason only by parent teachers association (PTA).the high incidence of examination malpractice in our schools, the multi various nature of discipline among youth in school pose a serious threat to the confidence of the pupils in our school administration. The active involvement of PTA in a school administration should help in strengthening of some of these unfortunate offs hoots.
We can now from the above understanding that our educational system cannot develop rapidly when case of discipline are looking large in our schools parent teachers association should therefore join hands towards solving the serious problem.
2.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER
In this chapter we view different meaning and explanation from different school governance on maintaining school and the community relationship. We further ahead to view the relationship and community of maintaining good governance in the school system parent teachers association and the educational development and school discipline.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the methodology that was used in conducting this study. The chapter presents the research design, population of the study, sample and sampling techniques, research instrument, validity of the instrument, reliability of instrument, procedure for data collection and method of data analysis.
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The type of research used for this research project was based on survey research. Survey research can be described as a study which involves an investigation on the entire population of people or items by collecting data form sample drawn from population and assuming that these samples are true representatives of the entire population.
3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
Population of the study refers to the number of people or phenomenon that the research project will cover. This research project is confine to only Federal Government College Sokoto.
As such, the population of the study consists of teachers from the school.
3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Sample size is a portion of the population that is selected for the study. As such a total of twenty five (25) portion of the population (Respondent) was sample to represents the entire population from these institution within Federal Government College Sokoto out of thirty eight (38) staff.
On the other hand sampling techniques is the statistical method for selecting a required portion of target population. As such, simple random sampling technique was used to select twenty five (25) from the school.
This is because the sampling technique gives every variables or element of the population equal chance of being selected and the procedure has some characteristic relevant to this research work.
3.4 INSTRUMENTATION
The data collection instrument used for this research was tow (2) point rating seal questionnaire namely agree (A) and disagree (Y). This is because the instrument is usually adopted when reading with element or respondents that are literate.
The questionnaire was structures into closed ended questions. Question was asked base on the roles, achievement and problems affecting PTA and school governance on maintaining school community relationship.
3.4.1 VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
Validity of the instrument refers to a situation when the instrument for data collection i.e. the questionnaire measured truly what it meant to measured.
To ensure the validity of the instrument the researcher used the educationist and expert in the department of educational foundations. Faculty educational and extension services moderate the items.
3.4.2 RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENTS
Reliability of the instrument refers to a situation when the instrument for data collection i.e. the questionnaire measure truly what it meant to measure at regular consistence.
The research was used of test-retest method of ensuring reliability of the instrument.
3.5 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION.
Procedure for data collections refers to method through which data will be obtained from respondent in the study area.
3.6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
The type of statistical method of data analysis used for this research project is based on the frequency distribution tables and simple percentage. The essence of using this statistical method is because the readers can be able to understand the result easily. As the statistic provide a clear and simple description of phenomenon.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter present and analyzed that data obtained from this investigation. The chapter covers the results and discussion based on the sample in the study.
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT OF FINDING.
The data analysis and result of finding was based on the respondent received from the sample in the study. The responses presented in frequency distribution table and sample percentages. The data was sequence of the research question.
RESEARCH QUESTION ONE
RQI: The role of PTA and school in maintaining school governance community relationship.
Table 4.1.1
PTA provides a forum where parents school authority and members of the community meet to discuss issues affected
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 16 | 64 % |
Disagree | 9 | 36% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.1.1 shows that 16 respondents representing 64% agree that, PTA, provide a forum where parent, school authority and members of the community meet to discuss issues affecting the school while 9 of the respondents representing 36% disagreed.
Table 4.1.2
PTA offers concrete advice on proper management of school.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 20 | 80% |
Disagree | 5 | 20% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.1.2 shows that 20 respondent representing 80% agree that, PTA offers concrete advice on proper management of school. While 5 respondent representing 20% disagreed.
Table 4.1.3
PTA helps to present the problem of the school to the government.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 10 | 40% |
Disagree | 15 | 60% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.1.3 shows that 10 respondents representing 40% agree that PTA helps to present the problem of the school to the government, while 15 respondent representing 60% disagreed
Table 4.1.4
PTA mobilizes people to contribution financing to the development of the school.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 10 | 40% |
Disagree | 15 | 60% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.1.4 shows that 10 respondent representing 40% agree that PTA mobilized people to contribution financing to the development of school, while 15 of the respondent representing 60% disagreed.
Table 4.1.5
PTA foster mutual understanding harmonious relationship and cooperation among parents, guardians and teachers in the fulfillment of their common.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 22 | 88% |
Disagree | 3 | 12% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.1.5 shows that 22 respondents representing 88% agree that, PTA foster mutual understanding harmonious relationship and cooperation among parents, guardians and teachers in the fulfillment of their common, while 3 respondent representing 12% disagreed.
Table 4.1.6
School management help to provides access to information and available educational resources to the entire parents in the community.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 9 | 36% |
Disagree | 16 | 64% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.1.6 shows that 9 respondent representing 36% agree that, school management helps to provides access to information and available educational resources to the entire parents in the community, while 16 respondent representing 64% disagreed.
Table 4.1.7
School management plants activities designed to attract and recruit more parent to built a robust parent involvement programmed.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 20 | 80 |
Disagree | 5 | 20 |
TOTAL | 25 | 100 |
In table 4.1.7 shows that 20 respondents representing 80% agree that school management plants activities designed to attract and recruit more parents to built a robust parent involvement programme, while 5 respondents representing 20% disagreed.
Table 4.1.8
PTA identifies issues of concern and work with educations to address these issues.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 17 | 68% |
Disagree | 8 | 32% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.1.8 shows that 17 respondents representing 68% agree that, PTA identifies issues of concern and work with educations to address these issues, while 8 respondents representing 32% disagreed
RESEARCH QUESTION TWO
RQ2: the achievement of PTA and school governance in maintaining school community relationship.
Table 4.2.1
PTA provide financial donation to the school.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 25 | 100% |
Disagree | 0 | 0% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.2.1 shows that 25 respondents representing 100% agree that, PTA provide financial donation to the school.
Table 4.2.2 item two (2)
PTA provides building material to the school.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 20 | 80% |
Disagree | 5 | 10% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
Item two (2) in table 4.2.2 shows that 20 respondents representing 80% agree that, PTA provide building material to school, while 5 respondents representing 20% disagreed.
Table 4.2.3
PTA provide furniture to school
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 6 | 24% |
Disagree | 19 | 76% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.2.3 shows that, 6 respondents representing 24% agree that, PTA provides furniture to school, while 19 respondent representing 76% disagree.
Table 4.2.4
PTA provides health facilities to the school.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 9 | 36% |
Disagree | 16 | 64% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In Table 4.2.4 shows that 9 respondents representing 36% agree that, PTA provide health facilities to the school, while 16 respondents representing 64% disagreed.
Table 4.2.5
PTA helps in providing buses for students transportation.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 23 | 92% |
Disagree | 2 | 8% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.2.5 shows that 23 respondents representing 92% agree that PTA helps in providing buses for student's transportation, while 2 respondents representing 8% disagree.
Table 4.2.6
PTA enhances understanding and good report between teachers and parents.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 15 | 60% |
Disagree | 10 | 40% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.2.6 shows that 15 respondents representing 60% agree that, PTA enhance understanding and good report between teachers and parents, while 10 respondent representing 40% disagreed.
Table 4.2.7
School management dissemination of information about policies, goals and report to families and students.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 11 | 44% |
Disagree | 14 | 56% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.2.7 shows that, 11 respondents representing 44% agree that, school managements dissemination of information about policies, goals and reports to families and students, while 14 respondents resenting 56% disagreed.
RESEARCH QUESTION THREE
RQ3: problem affecting PTA and school governance on maintaining school community relationship.
Table 4.3.1
There is lack of cooperation among parents.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 25 | 100% |
Disagree | 0 | 0% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.3.1 shows that, 25 respondents representing 100% agree that, there is lack of cooperation among parents.
Table 4.3.2 item two (2)
There are problems of poverty among parents.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 5 | 20% |
Disagree | 20 | 80% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.3.2 shows that, 5 respondents representing 20% agree that, there are problems of poverty among parents, while 20 respondents representing 80% disagreed.
Table 4.3.3
There is lack of support by the leaders of the community.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 10 | 40% |
Disagree | 15 | 60% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.3.3 shows that 10 respondents representing 40% agree that, there is lack of support by the leaders of the community, while 15 respondents representing 60% disagreed.
Table 4.3.4 item four (4)
There is lack of good understanding among parents.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 5 | 20 |
Disagree | 20 | 80 |
TOTAL | 25 | 100 |
In table 4.3.5 shows that, 5 respondents representing 20% agree that, there is problem of leadership among the members while, 20 respondents representing 80% disagreed.
Table 4.3.6
There is lack of parents full involvement in programmes of the school.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 1 | 4% |
Disagree | 24 | 96% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.3.6 shows that 1 respondents representing 4% agree that, there is lack of parents full involvement in programmes of the school while 24 respondents representing 96% disagreed.
Table 4.3.7
Lack of information and educational resources to parents.
RESPONSES | FREQUENCY | PERCENTAGE (%) |
Agree | 19 | 76% |
Disagree | 6 | 24% |
TOTAL | 25 | 100% |
In table 4.3.7 shows that 1 respondent representing 76% agree that, there is lack of information and educational resources to parents while, 6 respondents representing 24% disagreed.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
The summary of the main findings for this study are as follows.
1. On the issues of the role of parents teachers association (PTA) and school governance in maintaining school community relationship, the study has shown that 80% of the respondents has indicated that PTA provide forum to discuss issues affecting the school and this corresponded with the opinion of the Adesina S. Fagbonbe and Tolabi (1985) that "the school and home should maintain close contact and exchange view through PTA.
2. The study also found out that the achievement of PTA and school governance in maintaining school community relationship is highly motivated, this is due to the fact that, 100% of the respondents here indicated that PTA [provide financial donations school material to the school, it also provide furniture, health, facilities as well as buses for students transportation.
3. On the problems affecting PTA and school governance on maintaining school community relationship, it was discussed that there is lack of cooperation among parents, this is the view of the respondents shows on their total which means 100% of them are of the view that there is lack of cooperation among parents as this in contraction among parents as this in contradictions with Adeyemi (1965) sees that parents teachers association as a society which promote mutual understanding and cooperation between school and home and closes the gap between them.
5.2 CONCLUSION
From the research, it is recognized that, the role of PTA and school governance in maintaining school community relationship, has been justified by the related literature reviewed and responses collected from the sample respondents in the study area. It is clear that, the research has shown that PTA play tremendous role in the development of education not only in the school within the area of study but also in other educational institutions.
Through research, it is also realized that PTA contributes in posturing good and cordial relationship between the school and the community as shown by the finding, the research has also proved or answered the questions that PTA help in fund raising not only in the sample teachers but in the whole area under study.
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings of this study the problems encounter in the research work, the following recommendations are provided.
1. Based on the lack of information and educational resources to parents. They should be proper enlighten through mass literacy campaign in order to foster awareness among the members.
2. Problems of poverty among parents the fund raising members should forward the demand to government other organization should help in the findings.
3. Lack of leadership among the members the method for constituting PTA officials should be through the means of election the members rather than mere nomination.
4. There is lack of cooperation among parents for PTA to be an affected programmes parents must together to foster the development of the programme so as to achieve the goal and objectives that were after to attain.
5. Five PTA to be effective programmes there should be involvement of the leaders e.g. district head, word lead and only other members in position within a community should give a maximum contribution and support to the development in programmes.
6. There is lack of parent full evolvement in programmes of the school, for PTA to be effective programmes, parents must be fully involvement in the administration and planning of the school, and it should be noted that worthy and positive contributions during meeting should be accepted from any member in respective his/her social class. This will no doubt enhance sense of belonging and elimination of the association by some few members.
5.4 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
Study suggests the following suggestions for further research.
1. The same topic may be study in other secondary schools.
2. The same topic is investigated for same years.
3. The same topic could be study both in nursery, primary and secondary schools.
REFERENCES
Adesina s. Fagbonbe E.O and Talabi i.k (1985). Foundational Studies in Educational Studies Education Uni. Press limited.
Adeyome P.O (1964). Principle and Primary of Education. Omolalo Standard Press and Bookshop Co.Nig. Ltd.
Aggrival (1981) Effective Home School Relation. Hall N.Y
Augustine I. (1984) A Survey of School Discipline Problems in Bendal State. Unpublished Thesis University of Sokoto.
Balogun (1981).Principle and Practice of Education. Macmillan Nigeria Publisher Limited.
Ezeocha p.a (1985). School Management and Supervision. New African Publishing Co. Ltd. Oweri Imo State.
Fabgulu A.M. (1972). Administration Practice For Teachers. Evans brothers co. limited.
Fafunwa B.A (1971) New Perspective in African Education Macmillan and Co.
Fafunwa B.A (1974). History of Education in Nigeria. G Allen and Unwin, London.
Farrant J.S (1985) Principle and Practice of Education. Second Edition, Longman Uk Limited.
Ojelabi (1981) A Guide to School Management. Valuta Education Publishers Ibadan.
Ozigi A. Canham P. (1978). Principle and Practice of Education. Nig teachers and training college, oxford university Press.
Prof. Okey and Other. (1992). Educational and Administration. Fourth Dimension Publishing Company Lit. Enugu Nig.
Uba A. (1983). Introduction to Counseling. University of Ife Press. ille Ife, Nigeria.
APPENDIX
Department of Education and Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto in Affiliation with Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto.
Questionnaire on Roles, Achievements and Problems of Parents Teachers Association (P.T.A) in Maintaining School Community Relationship.
The questionnaire is for the research purpose designed to find out the role, achievement and problems of Parent Teacher Association in Federal Government College Sokoto.
All information supplied will be treated confidentially.
Yours Faithfully
GADO UMAR 11241412165
SHEHU SAHABI 11241412166
JUNAIDU MUHAMMAD 12241412140
ABDULHAYATU IBRAHIM 12241412155
QUESTIONNAIRE
Sir, We are undergraduate students of the school education Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto in affiliation with Usman Danfodiyo university Sokoto, currently writing our research project for the education degree on economics Bsc (ed) Economics.
The questions below are for the parent teachers association (PTA) members of Federal Government College Sokoto, please feel free to respond to the items on the questionnaire as honestly as possible. Answers given will only be use for the purpose for which they are collected and will be kept highly confidential, you should please fill the blank paces provided.
S/N | ITEM | AGREE | DISAGREE |
A. | The role of P.T.A and school governance in maintaining school community relationship. |
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1. | P.T.A provides a forum where parent school authority and members of the community meet to discuss issues affecting the school. |
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2. | P.T.A offers concrete advice on proper management of school. |
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3. | P.T.A helps to present the problems of the school to the government |
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4. | P.T.A mobilizes people to contribute in financing to the development of the school. |
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5. | P.T.A fasters mutual understanding, harmonies relationship and cooperation among parents, guardians, sponsors and teachers in the fulfillment of their common. |
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6. | School management helps to provides access to information and available educational resources to the entire parent in the community. |
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7. | School management plans activities designed to attract and recruit more parent to build a robust parent involvement programmed. |
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8. | P.T.A indentifies issue of concern and work with educators to address these issues. |
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B. | The achievement of P.T.A and school governance in maintaining school community relationship. |
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9. | P.T.A provides financial donations to the schools. |
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10. | P.T.A provides building materials to school. |
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11. | P.T.A provides furniture to school. |
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12. | P.T.A provides health facilities to schools. |
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13. | P.T.A helps in providing buses for student's transportation. |
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14. | P.T.A enhance understanding and good report between teachers and parents. |
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15. | School management disseminate of information about policies, goals and reforms to families and students. |
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C | Problems affecting P.T.A and school governance on maintaining school community relationship. |
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16. | There is lack of co-operation among parents. |
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17. | There are problems of poverty among parents. |
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18. | There is lack of good understanding among parents. |
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19. | There is lack of support by leaders of the community. |
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20. | There is problem of leadership among the members. |
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21. | There is lack of parent's full involvement in programmes of the schools. |
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22. | Lack of information and educational resources to parents. |
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 AND THE SCHOOL IN MAINTAINING SCHOOL COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COLLEGE SOKOTO){kind=link}
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